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Fig. 2 | Molecular Cancer

Fig. 2

From: The reciprocal regulation between host tissue and immune cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: new insights and therapeutic implications

Fig. 2

Immune landscape is shaped by tumor tissue components. PDAC tumor cells exert influence on immune infiltration in three ways: establishment of a physical barrier by cellular adhesion and the basal lamina; development of mutational loads; and activation of aberrant oncogenic pathways. Blood vessels control the immune cell composition by affecting immune cell adhesion, transmigration and extravasation. The vascular system also expresses immunomodulatory molecules and provides a hypoxic microenvironment to suppress immune cell accumulation. CAFs mainly modulate the immune microenvironment via cytokine secretion, impacting the ECM structure of the tissue and antigen presentation. The microbiome and nerve fibers can secrete cytokines and neurotransmitters to affect the immune landscape. However, their mechanisms require further exploration

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Molecular Cancer

ISSN: 1476-4598