Fig. 2
From: Current advances and outlooks in immunotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
The molecular interaction of different cells in TME. The cancer cells of PDAC exploit several mechanisms including cell surface molecule and soluble factors to establish immunosuppressive TME through accumulating and activating immune suppressive cells, and inhibiting antitumor effector cells directly and indirectly; suppressive cells can inhibit the function of effector cells through nutrition depletion, phenotype alternation, apoptosis and anergy; Treg cells may play a central role in the establishment of immunosuppressive TME of PDAC since they are in favor of establishing tumor specific immunotolerance and have extensive interaction with other cells