Table 1 mAb-Based Therapies Targeting Non-Immune Cells for PDAC

SS1(dsFv)-PE38 (SS1P)

An anti-mesothelin Fv genetically fused with a truncated pseudomonas exotoxin, PE38

Mesothelin

Cancer cells

PE38 is internalized into and kills cancer cells through inhibition of protein synthesis by ADP ribosylation and inactivation of elongation factor 2

Clinical trials

NCT01362790; NCT00006981

MORAb-009

Heavy and light chain variable regions of a mouse anti-mesothelin single chain Fv grafted to human IgG1 and κ constant regions

Mesothelin

Cancer cells

Inhibits the adhesion between cells expressing mesothelin and MUC16 as well as mediates ADCC

Clinical trials

NCT00570713; NCT00325494; NCT01521325; NCT01413451

BAY94–9343

An ADC consisting of a human anti-mesothelin antibody conjugated to a tubulin inhibitor, DM4

Mesothelin

Cancer cells

Binds to human mesothelin and induces antigen internalization

Clinical trials

NCT03023722; NCT03816358; NCT03102320

GP1.4

Monoclonal antibody

MUC1

Cancer cells

Induces MUC1 internalization and inhibits ERK signalling, resulting in the suppression of PDAC cell proliferation and migration

Preclinical study

[78]

A novel produced monoclonal antibody

Monoclonal antibody

MUC1-C

Cancer cells

Induces MUC1 internalization and inhibits ERK signalling, resulting in the suppression of PDAC cell proliferation and migration

Preclinical study

[79]

A.4.6.1

Murine-derived monoclonal antibody

VEGF

Cancer cells

Inhibits the angiogenesis of tumours

Preclinical study

[80]

Erlotinib

Monoclonal antibody

EGFR

Cancer cells

Inhibits the angiogenesis of tumours

Clinical trials

NCT00810719; NCT02154737; NCT02694536; NCT01782690; NCT00614653; NCT00640978; NCT00565487; NCT00313560; NCT01608841; NCT01303029

Bevacizumab

Monoclonal antibody

VEGF

Cancer cells

Inhibits the angiogenesis of tumours

Clinical trials

NCT00614653; NCT00047710; NCT00460174; NCT00365144; NCT00410774; NCT00417976; NCT00112528; NCT00602602; NCT00126633; NCT00366457

9E1

Monoclonal antibody

AnxA6

Cancer cells, potential stromal cells

Reduces the expression of MMP-9 and/or interferes with ERK and MEK signalling

Preclinical study

[81]

Demcizumab

Monoclonal antibody

DLL4

CSCs

Decreases CSC frequency and interferes with angiogenesis

Clinical trials

[82]; NCT01189929; NCT02289898

Clivatuzumab (PAM4)

¹³¹I-labelled,⁹⁰Y-labelled

MUC1

Cancer cells

Radioimmunotherapy

Clinical trials

[83]

TF10 (A humanized recombinant structure)

⁹⁰Y-labelled

MUC1

Cancer cells

Radioimmunotherapy

Preclinical study

[83]

C595

²¹³Bi-labelled

MUC1

Cancer cells

Radioimmunotherapy

Preclinical study

[83]

CC49

¹³¹I-labelled

TAG-72

Cancer cells

Radioimmunotherapy

Preclinical study

[83]

EGFR antibody

¹⁷⁷Lu-labelled

EGFR

Cancer cells

Radioimmunotherapy

Preclinical study

[83]

Trastuzumab

²¹³Bi-labelled

HER2

Cancer cells

Radioimmunotherapy

Preclinical study

[83]

TNT3 antibodies

²¹³Bi-labelled

Single-strand DNA and RNA

Released from necrotic cells

Radioimmunotherapy

Preclinical study

[83]

KAb201

¹³¹I-labelled

CEA

Cancer cells

Radioimmunotherapy

Clinical trial

[83]

MN-14

¹³¹I-labelled

CEA

Cancer cells

Radioimmunotherapy

Clinical trial

[83]

TCMC-Trastuzumab

²¹²Pb-labelled

HER2

Cancer cells

Radioimmunotherapy

Clinical trial

[83]

059–053

⁹⁰Y-labelled

CD147

Cancer cells

Radioimmunotherapy

Preclinical trial

[84]

376.96

²¹²Pb-labelled

B7-H3

Cancer cells

Radioimmunotherapy

Preclinical trial

[85]

TIBs derived IgG

Unidentified multiclonal antibody

G12 mutation-derived epitopes

Cancer cells

Targets mutation-derived and personalized antigens

Preclinical study

[86]