Table 3 Vaccine Clinical Trials and Mechanisms in PDAC

NCT02405585

Terminated

Algenpantucel-L vaccine

Mfolfirinox, radiation and gemcitabine

Human pancreatic cancer cells engineered with a mouse Algenpantucel-L gene to make the cancer cells foreign

Phase 2

NCT01072981

Completed

Algenpantucel-L vaccine

Gemcitabine or 5FU chemoradiation

Human pancreatic cancer cells engineered with a mouse Algenpantucel-L gene to make the cancer cells foreign

Phase 3

NCT01836432

Unknown

Algenpantucel-L vaccine

FOLFIRINOX,

5-FU chemoradiation, gemcitabine, capecitabine, NabPaclitaxel

Human pancreatic cancer cells engineered with a mouse Algenpantucel-L gene to make the cancer cells foreign

Phase 3

NCT03114631

Enrolling by invitation

Dendritic cells pulsed with tumour lysate,

dendritic cells pulsed with MUC-1/WT-1 peptides

NO

Increase MUC1/WT1-specific T cell response

Phase 1

Phase 2

NCT00547144

Completed

Intratumoural autologous dendritic cell vaccination

Gemcitabine and stereotactic radiosurgery

Increase tumour-specific T cells

Phase 2

NCT00795977

Unknown

Intratumoural autologous dendritic cell vaccination in combination with OK-432

NO

Induce tumour antigen-specific T cell response and tumour festering reaction

Phase 1

Phase 2

NCT03136406

Active, not recruiting

GI-4000

Cyclophosphamide, oxaliplatin, capecitabine, fluorouracil, leucovorin, nab-paclitaxel, bevacizumab, avelumab, ALT-803, aNK, and ETBX-011

Vaccine derived from recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast expressing mutant Ras proteins to induce the Ras protein-specific reaction

Phase 1

Phase 2

NCT03329248

Active, not recruiting

GI-4000

ETBX-011, haNK, avelumab, bevacizumab, capecitabine, cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, leucovorin and 4 more

Induce mutant Ras protein-specific antitumour reaction

Phase 1

Phase 2

NCT03387098

Active, not recruiting

GI-4000

Aldoxorubicin HCl, ALT-803, ETBX-011, haNK for infusion, avelumab, bevacizumab, capecitabine, cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil and 5 more

Induce mutant Ras protein-specific antitumour reaction

Phase 1

Phase 2

NCT00837135

Withdrawn

GI-4000

Activated T cells

Induce mutant Ras protein-specific antitumour reaction

Phase 1

NCT00002773

Completed

Allogeneic tumour cell vaccine

Recombinant IFNγ, sargramostim and cyclophosphamide

Induce tumour-specific reaction between patients sharing some TSAs

Phase 2

NCT00003025

Completed

HSPPC-96

NO

Autologous tumour-derived pg96 heat shock protein complex to induce an antitumour reaction

Phase 1

NCT00003434

Terminated

Autologous DC pulsed with a mutated CEA epitope-CAP-1

NO

Induce CAP-1-specific antitumour T cell reaction

Phase 1

NCT00669734

Active, not recruiting

Falimarev

Sargramostim

A cancer vaccine comprised of a recombinant fowlpox viral vector encoding CEA, MUC-1 to induce CEA- and MUC1-specific antitumour reactions

Phase 1

NCT02338752

Completed

MV (mixed vaccines)

Standard treatment

An intravenous intralipid suspension with 5 various vaccines, including DPT, typhoid, Staphylococcus aureus, and paratyphoid A and B

Phase 1

Phase 2

NCT03153410

Recruiting

GVAX

Cyclophosphamide, pembrolizumab, IMC-CS4

Pancreatic cell lines secreting GM-CSF to induce DC maturation

Early phase 1

NCT02648282

Recruiting

GVAX

Cyclophosphamide, pembrolizumab and radiation

Pancreatic cell lines secreting GM-CSF to induce DC maturation

Phase 2

NCT03161379

Recruiting

GVAX

Cyclophosphamide, nivolumab and radiation

Pancreatic cell lines secreting GM-CSF to induce DC maturation

Phase 2

NCT01896869

Suspended

GVAX

Ipilimumab, FOLFIRINOX

Pancreatic cell lines secreting GM-CSF to induce DC maturation

Phase 2

NCT00836407

Completed

GVAX

Ipilimumab

Pancreatic cell lines secreting GM-CSF to induce DC maturation

Phase 1

NCT01417000

Completed

GVAX and CRS-207

Cyclophosphamide

Pancreatic cell lines secreting GM-CSF to induce DC maturation in combination with a recombinant live-attenuated Listeria monocytogenes strain engineered to secrete mesothelin into the cytoplasm of infectious APCs

Phase 2

NCT03190265

Recruiting

GVAX and CRS-207

Cyclophosphamide, nivolumab, ipilimumab

Increase the mesothelin-specific antitumour activity and enhance the antigen-presenting ability of APCs

Phase 2

NCT02004262

Completed

GVAX and CRS-207

Cyclophosphamide

Increase the mesothelin-specific antitumour activity and enhance the antigen-presenting ability of APCs

Phase 2

NCT03006302

Recruiting

GVAX and CRS-207

Epacadostat, pembrolizumab, cyclophosphamide

Increase the mesothelin-specific antitumour activity and enhance the antigen-presenting ability of APCs

Phase 2

NCT02960594

Completed

INO-1400; INO-1401

INO-9012: a DNA molecule (plasmid) encoding IL-12

A synthetic telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) DNA vaccine to induce TERT-specific antitumour reaction

Phase 1

NCT00128622

Completed

Autologous dendritic cells infected with recombinant fowlpox-CEA(6D)-TRICOM vaccine

Denileukin diftitox

DCs were mixed with recombinant fowlpox-TRICOM to produce the vaccine and induce a CEA-specific antitumour reaction

Phase 1

NCT00529984

Completed

AVX701

NO

CEA(6D) VRP vaccine to induce a CEA-specific immune response targeting the mutated CEA epitope -CAP-1(6D)

Phase 1

Phase 2

NCT03552718

Recruiting

YE-NEO-001

NO

Recombinant yeast vaccine engineered to express multiple neoepitopes based on individual tumour molecular profiles

Phase 1

NCT00245362

Completed

CG 8020 and CG 2505

NO

Allogeneic

cancer cell lines

engineered to secrete GM-CSF to enhance the antigen-presenting ability of DCs

Phase 2

NCT00019084

Completed

Mutant p53 peptide- or ras peptide-pulsed APCs

GM-CSF, mutated peptide-stimulated autologous lymphocytes or TILs

APCs pulsed with synthetic version of the patient’s mutated p53 or ras peptide to induce a mutated peptide-specific antitumour reaction

Phase 2

NCT00002475

Completed

Allogeneic or autologous tumour cell vaccine

Recombinant IFN α, recombinant interferon γ, sargramostim, cyclophosphamide

Induce an adaptive immune reaction

Phase 2

NCT00027534

Completed

Autologous dendritic cells infected with recombinant fowlpox-CEA-TRICOM vaccine

NO

Increase the CEA-specific immune response

Phase 1

NCT00004604

Completed

CEA RNA-pulsed DC cancer vaccine

NO

Increase the CEA-specific immune response

Phase 1

NCT02151448

Active, not recruiting

Autologous alpha-DC1 loaded with autologous tumour material

Celecoxib, IFNα-2b, rintatolimod

Increase the adaptive antitumour response

Phase 1

Phase 2

NCT03300843

Recruiting

DC vaccine with defined immunogenic neoepitopes

NO

Induce a personalized mutated neoantigen immune response

Phase 2

NCT01088789

Recruiting

PANC 10.05 pcDNA-1/GM-Neo and PANC 6.03 pcDNA-1 neo vaccine

With or without cyclophosphamide

Increase the antitumour cellular response

Phase 2

NCT01595321

Active, not recruiting

PANC 10.05 pcDNA-1/GM-Neo and PANC 6.03 pcDNA-1/GM-Neo vaccine

Cyclophophamide, radiation, FOLFIRINOX

Increase the antitumour cellular response

Not applicable

NCT01342224

Completed

GV1001

Immune adjuvant, GM-CSF, gemcitabine

A telomerase vaccine

Phase 1