Table 1 Relevant HPD studies in patients receiving ICB therapy
From: The biomarkers of hyperprogressive disease in PD-1/PD-L1 blockage therapy
HPD biomarker (Incidence) | Number (Percentage) | Histology | HPD definition | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age ≥65, 7/36 (19%) < 64, 5/95 (5%) | 12/131 (9%) | Melanoma (45), lung (13), renal (9), colorectal (8), urothelial (8), others (48) | ≥2-fold increase in TGR, RECIST progression | Champiat et al. 2017 |
Regional recurrence Yes, 9/10 (90%) No, 1/10 (10%) | 10/34 (29%) | Recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma | TGK ≥ 2. | Saada-Bouzid et al. 2017 |
Metastatic sites > 2, 35/56 (62.5%) < 2, 21/56 (37.5%) | 56/406 (13.8%) | Advanced NSCLC | ≥2-fold increase in TGR | Ferrara et al. 2018 |
Sex Male, 2/99 (2.0%) Female, 10/83 (12.0%) | 12/182 (6.5%) | Head and neck (10), gynecological (9), lung (8), gastrointestinal (8), genitourinary (7), others (13) | ≥2-fold increase in TGR, RECIST progression | Kanjanapan et al. 2019 |
MDM2 family amplification Yes, 4/6 (67%) EGFR aberrations Yes, 2/10 (20%) | 6/155 (4%) | Melanoma (51), NSCLC (38), Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (11), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (9), renal cell carcinoma (6), colorectal cancer (5) | TTF < 2 months, > 50% increase in TMB and > 2-fold increase in progression pace | Kato et al. 2017 |
Elevations in ANC level 4490/μl vs. 7740/μl (non-HPD vs. HPD) Elevations in CRP level 0.4 mg/dl vs. 8.3 mg/dl (non-HPD vs. HPD) | 13/62 (21%) | AGC | ≥2-fold increase in TGR, RECIST progression | Sasaki et al. 2019 |
PD-1+ Treg cells in tumor tissues | 4/36 (11.1%) | AGC | TTF < 2 months, ≥2-fold increase in TGR, and > 2-fold increase in progression speed | Kamada et al. 2019 |
MPO+ myeloid cells within the tumor IHC in HPD: 3.5 (0.1–6.0) PD-L1 expression in tumor cells IHC in HPD: 1.0 (0.0–10.0) | 39/152 (25.7%) | NSCLC | TTF < 2 months, ≥2-fold increase in TGR, at least two new lesions in an organ, spread to a new organ, ECOG PS ≥ 2, at least three of the above criteria and RECIST 1.1 progression | Lo et al. 2019 |
% of CCR7−CD45RA− in CD8+ T cells Low frequencies %TIGIT+ in PD-1+CD8+ T cells High frequencies | TTF: 98/263 (37.3%), TGR: 54/263(20.5%), TGK: 55/263 (20.9%), | NSCLC | TTF < 2 months, ≥2-fold increase in TGR, TGK ≥ 2, RECIST1.1 progression | Kim et al. 2019 |