Table 2 Wnt receptors and coreceptors in breast cancer

Fzd1

Canonical

Upregulated in breast cancer

[225, 226]

Fzd2

Noncanonical

Elevated in metastatic breast cancer

[22, 225]

Fzd3

–

–

–

Fzd4

–

–

–

Fzd5

–

–

–

Fzd6

Noncanonical

Genomically amplified in TNBC

[227]

Fzd7

Canonical

Elevated in BLBC/TNBC

[228,229,230]

Fzd8

–

–

–

Fzd9

–

Relatively hypermethylated in breast cancer

[231]

Fzd10

–

–

–

LRP5

Canonical

–

–

LRP6

Canonical

Markedly upregulated in breast cancer;

Overexpressed in TNBC

[229, 232]

RNF43

Canonical

–

–

ZNRF3

Canonical

–

–

E-cadherin

Canonical

Mutated or silenced in BLBC/TNBC

[222,223,224]

LGR5

Canonical

Overexpressed in breast cancer

[233, 234]

Celsr1

Noncanonical

Highly expressed in luminal breast cancer

[235]

Vangl2

Noncanonical

Highly expressed in BLBC

[189]

ROR1

Noncanonical

Highly expressed in TNBC, BLBC, and aggressive/metastasis-prone breast cancer

[236,237,238,239,240]

ROR2

Canonical/noncanonical

Highly expressed in breast cancer

[241]

RYK

Noncanonical

Reduced in primary breast cancer

[220]

PTK7

Noncanonical

Elevated in TNBC and BLBC

[242,243,244]

MUSK

Noncanonical

–

–

Syndecan

Noncanonical

Syndecan-1 is overexpressed in breast cancer;

Induced expression in stromal fibroblasts of breast cancer

[245,246,247,248]

Glypican

Noncanonical

Glypican-3 is silenced in human breast cancer

[249]

ORAI

Noncanonical

ORAI1 is elevated in BLBC;

ORAI3 is elevated in breast cancer

[250,251,252,253]