Table 1 Overview of PAD expression
Enzyme | Location | Substrates |
|---|---|---|
PAD1 | Keratin, filaggrin [20] | |
PAD2 | Brain, uterus, spinal cord, salivary gland, macrophages, pituitary gland, sweat gland, spleen, pancreas, bone marrow, oligodendrocytes, yolk-sac (leucocytes) [41,42,43] | Myelin basic protein [44], vimentin [45], actin, histones [46] |
PAD3 | Hair follicles [41] | Filaggrin, trichohyalin [20], apoptosis-inducing factor, vimentin [47] |
PAD4 | Histones [50, 51], Collagen, ING4 [52], p300 [53], nucleophosmin [54], p21 [55], Lamin C [56], RPS2 [57], DNMT3A | |
PAD6 | Egg, ovary, early embryo [58] | None known |