Table 3 Histone citrullination in tumors
Classification | Disease | PAD-Citrullination | Mechanism |
|---|---|---|---|
Lymphatic hematopoietic tissue | MM | PAD2- CitH3R6 | Resistance to the chemotherapy drug bortezomib [101] |
Acute myeloid leukemia | PAD4-H3 | Facilitation of the differentiation of HL-60 into granulocytes [102] | |
Endocrine system | Prolactinoma | PAD2, PAD4- CitH3R2, 8, 17 | Inhibition of the expression of the miRNA targeted to the prolactin tumor oncogene [103] |
Lung and mediastinum | Lung cancer | PAD4- CitH4R3 | Inhibition of the transcriptional activity of p53 [56] |
Non-small cell lung cancer | PAD4- CitH4R3 | Participation in the DNA damage response [79] | |
Digestive system | Gastric cancer | PAD4- CitH3R26 | Interaction between H3R26Cit and H3K27me3 [79] |
Hepatocellular carcinoma | CitH3 | Increase of Beclin1 mRNA during the development of hepatocellular carcinoma [104] | |
Urinary and male reproductive | Bladder cancer | Unknown | HSP90 inhibitor-mediated treatment [105] |
Prostate cancer | PAD2- CitH3R26 | Upregulation of estrogen-suppressing genes [106] | |
Mammary gland | MCF-7 | PAD4- CitH3R17 | Reduction in β-estradiol-induced genes [22] |
MCF-7 | PAD2-CitH3R2, 8, 17 | Regulation of gene expression (PTN and MAGEA12) [107] | |
Bone and soft tissue | Osteosarcoma | PAD4- CitH3 | Inhibition of the expression of the OKL38 gene [108] |