Table 5 Application of histone citrullination in cancer
Application value | PAD | Citrullinated cites | Evidence | Tumor types |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Biomarker | PAD4 | Histone H3 | CitH3 was higher in patients with advanced cancer and predicted poor clinical outcomes and high short-term mortality. | Adenocarcinoma [144] |
Biomarker | PAD4 | Histone H3 | CitH3 could predict the occurrence of venous thromboembolism in cancer treatment. | |
Therapeutic targets | Unknown | Histone H2AX | Histone citrullination mediates the formation of NETs, which contribute to tumor metastasis in the context of systemic infection. | Lung cancer [137] |
Therapeutic targets | PAD2 | Histone H3R26 | Citrullination of H3R26 leads to pro-malignancy signaling in multiple myeloma. | Multiple myeloma [101] |
Therapeutic targets | PAD2 | Histone H3R26 | PAD2-H3Cit26 was a key mediator for androgen receptor in prostate cancer progression. | Prostate cancer [106] |
Therapeutic targets | PAD4 | Histone H3 | PAD4 and HDAC2 inhibitors is a potential strategy for treating cancer. | Osteosarcoma [92] |
Therapeutic targets | PAD4 | Histone H3 | Histone citrullination can regulate the expression of tumor suppressor gene OKL38. | Osteosarcoma [108] |
Therapeutic targets | PAD4 | Histone H3 | Herbs can effectively inhibit hematogenous metastasis of tumors by targeting NETs (citrullination-mediated). | Gastric carcinoma [146] |
Therapeutic targets | PAD4 | Histone H3 | Prevention of NETs in cancer can inhibit tumor-induced thrombosis and organ failure as well as inhibit metastasis. | Insulinoma and breast cancer [156] |