Table 1 list of genes that were knocked out using CRISPR/Cas9 technique in different types of cancer and their effects

Breast Cancer

P53, PTEN, RB1, NF1

-

Mice

Knockout

lentiviruses

For both endocrine and chemotherapy, mutated organoids had a greater response rate for mutated organoids.

[47]

Breast cancer

miR-23b and miR-27b

MCF7

Mice

Knockout

lentiviruses

miR-23b and miR-27b have been shown to be oncogenic miRs, and miR-27b reduces tumor development after knockout.

[48]

Breast cancer

PTEN, AKT1, PIK3CA

NIH3T3

Mice

Knockout

lentiviruses

we show that somatic base editing is feasible and

effective at installing defined missense and nonsense mutations at

endogenous loci in a mouse model of TNBC.

we show that somatic base editing is possible and

effective at installing defined missense and nonsense mutations at

endogenous loci in a mouse model of TNBC.

we show that somatic base editing is feasible and

effective at installing defined missense and nonsense mutations at

endogenous loci in a mouse model of TNBC.

we show that somatic base editing is feasible and

effective at installing defined missense and nonsense mutations at

endogenous loci in a mouse model of TNBC.

we show that somatic base editing is feasible and

effective at installing defined missense and nonsense mutations at

endogenous loci in a mouse model of TNBC.

we show that somatic base editing is feasible and

effective at installing defined missense and nonsense mutations at

endogenous loci in a mouse model of TNBC.

In a TNBC mouse model, somatic base editing may effectively introduce specified missense and nonsense mutations.

[49]

Breast cancer

CBEs

HEK293-T, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7

-

Knockout

lentiviruses

For ER-driven breast cancer cell growth, unique CTCF-mediated chromatin configurations are required.

[50]

Breast cancer

AURKA

HEK293T, MDA-MB-231, SKBR3, MCF7

-

Knockout

lentiviruses

CHR-6494 might be used in conjunction with MLN8237 to enhance its anti-cancer benefits.

[51]

Breast cancer

CXCR4 and CXCR7

MDA-MB-231

-

Knockout

lentiviruses

The knockout of CXCR4 and CXCR7 genes reduces the binding ability and activities of CXCL12, slows the growth of TNBC cells, and may be used to treat TNBC.

[52]

Breast cancer

PARP1

MDA-MB-231,

MDA-MB-436

-

Knockout

The effectiveness of PARP1 inhibition with chemotherapy for TNBC treatment varies.

[53]

Breast cancer

BRCA1

MDA-MB-231, ASC

-

Knockdown

lentiCRISPRv2 vector

Breast cancer development is promoted by BRCA1 mutation in the tumor microenvironment.

[54]

Breast cancer

APOBEC3G

MCF10A and HCC1806

-

Knockout

lipofection

multiple clones evaluated for APOBEC3G gene knockout success.

[55]

Breast cancer

CDK4, SRPK1, DNMT1

MCF10A, HEK 293T and GP2-293

Mice

Knockout

lentiviruses

Transcriptional epistasis influences around 50% of differentially expressed genes in cancer cells.

[56]

Breast cancer

CDH1

MCF-7

Rats

Knockout

Plasmid Transfection

It is possible to target cancer-related genes using any genome editing technique.

[57]

Breast Cancer

OPN

MDA-MB-231

-

Knockout

CaCl2 transformation

Inactivating osteopontin with CRISPR/Cas9 may overcome radioresistance in breast cancer.

[58]

Breast Cancer

BRCA

MDA-MB-231

-

Knockout

lentivirus

Targeting a group of genes offers new possibilities for PARPi combination treatments.

[59]

Breast Cancer

TMEM106A

MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468

-

Knockout

-

In breast cancer, TMEM106A inhibits WDR77 translocation.

[60]

Breast and Lung cancer

CDK4, p107, TGFβ1

A549 and MCF7

-

Knockout

-

After being challenged with CRISPR cassettes, both cell lines showed a considerable decline in cell count.

[61]

Lung cancer

PKP2

H1299, A549, H460

-

Knockout

-

Methylation of PKP2 plays an essential factor in radioresistance by stabilizing catenin by CRISPR/Cas9 library screening.

[62]

Lung Cancer

Trp53, KRas

HEK-293T

Adult Mice

Knockout

lentiviruses

Using the CRISPR toolset, researchers may rapidly build novel, therapeutically relevant alternative models for biomedical research.

[63]

Colon Cancer

KRAS

HT29, WIDR, HCT116, LS174T, and HEK293T; SW480 and A549; and CFPAC-1

-

Knockout

two-vector lentivirus system

GRB7-PLK1 has a critical axis for RTK tolerance. PLK1 and thus a suitable target for synergizing MEK inhibitors in CRC patients with KRAS mutations.

[64]

Colon Cancer

Klotho

Caco-2

-

Knockout

-

By causing apoptosis, Klotho gene overexpression in Caco-2 cells by CRISPR/Cas9 inhibits cell growth.

[65]

Colon cancer

uPAR

CRL1619, CCL247

-

Knockout

Okayama-Berg vector

Knockout of the uPAR gene Leads to tumor growth inhibition, EGFR downregulation, and an increase in stemness markers.

[66]

Prostate cancer

Tceal1

Mouse: SP1

Human: PC3M, LNCaP, DU145, CWR22, RWPE

-

Knockdown

lentivirus

TCEAL1 deletion causes a different cell cycle profile than docetaxel alone, with more subG1 cell death and polyploidy.

[67]

Prostate cancer

miRNA (miR)205, miR221, miR222, miR30c, miR224, miR4553, miR23b, miR505

LNCaP

-

Knockout

Lentivirus

Functional classification of prostate cancer-associated miRNAs through CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene knockout

[68]

Prostate cancer

BRAF

CWR-R1

-

Knockout

lentiviral

MAPK/AR co-targeting may help patients with active MAPK pathways, especially those with oncogenic BRAF mutations.

[69]

Prostate cancer

TP53

PC-3

-

Knock-in

lentiviral

The impact of CRISPR/Cas9 guided mutant TP53 gene repair in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells

[70]

Prostate cancer

ECE1, ABCA12, BPY2, EEF1A1, RAD9A, and NIPSNAP1

DU145 and PC3

-

Knockdown

lentiviral

Prostate cancer metformin Resistance related gene screening using CRISPR-Cas9.

[71]

Ovarian cancer

EGFL6

SKOV3

-

Knockout

Lentivirus

EGFL6 knockout by CRISPR/Cas9 inhibited tumor angiogenesis.

[72]

Ovarian cancer

ZNF587B and SULF1

A2780, SKOV3, IOSE80

-

Knockout

Lentivirus

Based on genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 screening, loss of ZNF587B and SULF1 led to cisplatin resistance.

[73]

Ovarian cancer

AR and Nanog expression

A2780, SKOV3

-

Knock in

Lentivirus

Nanog interaction with androgen receptor signaling axis regulates ovarian cancer stem cells using CRISPR/Cas9.

[74]

Ovarian cancer

ITK

SKOV3

Human

Knockout

Lentivirus

For ovarian cancer metastasis, ITK (IL2 Inducible T Cell Kinase) may be a possible cancer suppressor gene.

[75]

thyroid cancer

AXIN1

ACT-1

-

Knockout

Viral vector

CRISPR/Cas9 has been used to effectively create an ACT-1 undifferentiated thyroid cancer cell line lacking the AXIN1 gene.

[76]

Liver Cancer

PTPMT1

HCC

-

Knockout and knockdown

lentiCas9-Blast vector

CRISPR-Cas9 knockdown library screening revealed PTPMT1 in the production of cardiolipin as critical to survival in hypoxia in liver cancer.

[77]

Liver cancer

Pten, Rb1, and Ctnnb1

-

Mice

-

px459 V2.0 vector

CRISPR/Cas9-induced Liver cancer mouse model: Longitudinal imaging of liver cancer Using MicroCT and nanoparticle contrasting agents.

[78]

Liver

Cancer

Traf3

HepG2

-

Knockout

Lentiviral

The CRISPR/Cas9 method improved HepG2 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and provided a helpful tool for researching Traf3 function and mechanism.

[79]

Liver cancer

ARID1A,

HCC

Pig

Knockout

-

CRISPR/Cas9 editing of pig liver cancer cells to create genetically customized cancer cells.

[80]