Fig. 2
From: Liquid biopsy in lung cancer: significance in diagnostics, prediction, and treatment monitoring
Clinical application of liquid biopsy in lung cancer. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), exosomes, microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), tumor-educated platelets (TEPs), and circulating tumor vascular endothelial cells (CTECs) in the venous blood from lung cancer patients(e.g., liquid biopsy) have the potential to be used clinically to provide unique opportunities for the real-time monitoring of disease progression and treatment response, in addition to studying tumor heterogeneity