Fig. 2

Representing the biogenesis of Exosomes. Exosomes are produced by intraluminal vesicles (ILVs). The cargoes like nucleic acids, lipids and proteins are absorbed by the cells and are carried to early endosomes via the endocytotic pathway. Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are formed by the maturation of early endosomes. Nucleic acids like miRNAs, DNAs, and RNAs, proteins like cytoplasmic proteins, tetraspanins, and membrane receptors, and lipids like ceramides and cholesterol are all integrated into exosomes during the ILV production process. Finally, exosomes are released into the extracellular space when MVBs fuse with cellular membranes