Table 2 MSC-derived exosomes in targeted therapy resistance
Exosome source | Cancer type | Method | Key cargo | Genes and pathways | Drugs | Drug resistance | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMSCs | AML | In vitro |  |  | TKIs | ↑ | [98] |
hBMSCs | CML | In vivo and vitro |  | Caspase3 and Bcl-2 | TKIs | ↑ | [99] |
hBMSCs | Multiple myeloma | In vitro and in vivo | PSMA3 and Psma3-as1 |  | Bortezomib | ↑ | [101] |
hUMSCs | CML | In vitro |  | Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 | IM | ↓ | [103] |