Table 2 The functions and mechanisms of m⁶A modification on pathways affecting TIE

METTL3

CRC

Stabilizes HK2 and GLUT1.

Enhances glycolysis to promote CRC progression.

[122]

METTL3

CRC

Promotes GLUT1 translation.

Promotes CRC tumorigenesis by activating m⁶A/GLUT1/mTORC1 axis.

[123]

IGF2BP2

PC

Stabilizes GLUT1.

Promotes glycolysis and proliferation of PC.

[124]

HNRNPA2B1

PC

Promotes GLUT1 expression.

Promotes glycolysis and proliferation of PC cell.

[125]

METTL3

CC

Promotes HK2 stability.

Enhances CC aerobic glycolysis and tumorigenesis.

[126]

WTAP

lymphoma

Promotes HK2 stability.

Enhances lymphoma cell proliferation.

[127]

WTAP

GC

Stabilizes HK2.

Promotes GC cell proliferation and glycolytic capacity.

[128]

IGF2BP2

glioblastoma

Promotes HK2 mRNA stability.

Enhances glioblastoma aerobic glycolysis.

[129]

FTO

leukemia

Promotes stability of PFKP and LDHB mRNA.

Enhances aerobic glycolysis of leukemia cells.

[130]

METTL3

CC

Promotes the translation elongation and mRNA stability of PDK4.

Promotes CC cell glycolysis and proliferation.

[131]

METTL3

HCC

METTL3/IGF2BP1-mediated m⁶A stabilizes LNCAROD.

Promotes HCC cell glycolysis, proliferation, migration, invasion and chemoresistance via METTL3/IGF2BP1/LNCAROD/PKM2 pathway.

[132]

METTL3

HCC

Promotes HIF-1α expression.

Promotes the metabolic reprogramming and malignant biological behaviors of HCC cells.

[133]

YTHDC2

CRC

Promotes HIF-1α translation.

Promotes CRC metastasis.

[134]

METTL3

CRC

Stabilizes SOX2.

Promotes cell self-renewal, stem cell frequency and migration in vitro and suppresses CRC tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo.

[135]

METTL3

glioblastoma

Promotes SOX2 stability.

Promotes the GSC maintenance and glioma cell differentiation.

[136]

METTL3/14, FTO

glioblastoma

Promotes AMAD19 expression.

FTO promotes and METTL3 inhibits GSCs growth and self-renewal.

[137]

METTL3

glioblastoma

Stabilizes SRSF3/6/11.

Promotes the growth and self-renewal of GSCs.

[138]

METTL3

glioblastoma

Stabilizes NOTCH1 and HES1.

Promotes GSC maintenance and glioma progression.

[139]

METTL3

bladder cancer

Promotes AFF4 expression.

Promotes self-renewal of bladder cancer stem cells.

[140, 141]

METTL3

cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

Promotes ΔNp63 expression.

Promotes cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell stem-like properties.

[142]

METTL3

CRC

Stabilizes CBX8 mRNA.

Promotes stemness and suppresses chemosensitivity of CRC.

[143]

METTL3

LC

Promotes RMRP stability.

Promotes the CSCs properties and EMT, which promote the resistance to radiation therapy and cisplatin.

[144]

METTL3

kidney cancer

Promotes ABCD1 translation.

Promotes cell migration, spheroid formation and tumor growth.

[145]

METTL3

oral squamous cell carcinoma

Downregulates p38 expression.

Promotes stem-like capacities in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.

[146]

METTL14

leukemia

Enhance MYB and MYC mRNA stability and translation.

Promotes self-renewal of LSCs.

[147]

METTL14

EC

Upregulates miR-99a-5p by promoting pri-mir-99a processing.

Promotes CSCs persistence and the radio-resistance.

[148]

FTO

leukemia

Promotes MYC and LILRB4 expression.

Promotes leukemia CSC maintenance and immune evasion.

[39]

ALKBH5

glioblastoma

Demethylates FOXM1 to enhance its expression.

Promotes proliferation of GSCs.

[149]

ALKBH5

BC

Stabilizes NANOG.

Promotes BC stem cells enrichment.

[150, 151]

YTHDF1

OC

Promotes translation of m⁶A-modified TRIM29.

Promotes the stem cell-like phenotype of cisplatin-resistant OC cells.

[152]

YTHDF2

glioblastoma

Stabilizes MYC and VEGFA.

Promotes GSCs growth.

[153]

YTHDF2

leukemia

Destabilizes TNFRSF2.

Promotes LSC development and AML initiation.

[154]

YTHDF2

liver cancer

Promotes OCT4 translation.

Promotes liver cancer stem cell phenotype and metastasis.

[155]

IGF2BP1

BC

Stabilizes c-Myc mRNA.

Promotes BC stem cells self-renewal and tumorigenesis.

[156]

IGF2BP1

liver cancer

Stabilizes MGAT5.

Promotes the liver cancer stem cell phenotype.

[157]

IGF2BP2

PC

Stabilizes DANCR mRNA.

Promotes cell proliferation and stemness-like properties.

[158]

METTL3

GC

Stabilizes ZMYM1.

Promotes EMT and metastasis of GC.

[159]

METTL3

BC

Upregulating MALAT1 expression.

Promotes EMT, migration, and invasion of BC.

[160]

METTL3

EC

Promotes the splicing of precursor miR-20a-5p to produce mature miRNAs.

Promotes EMT, invasion, and metastasis of EC.

[161]

METTL3

CRC

Stabilizes HMGA1.

Induces EMT and promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo.

[162]

METTL3

CRC

Promotes circ1662 expression.

Promotes EMT and metastasis of CRC.

[163]

METTL3

LC

Increases the splicing of precursor miR-143-3p to facilitate its biogenesis.

Promotes EMT and brain metastasis of LC.

[164]

METTL3

LC

Promotes YAP1 mRNA stability.

Promotes LC cell proliferation, metastasis, and EMT.

[165]

METTL3

LC

Destabilizes ZBTB4.

Promotes EMT and malignancy of LC.

[166]

METTL3

HCC

Determines the fate of the HSP5 transcript to process it into circHSP5.

Promotes EMT and CSC phenotypes.

[167]

METTL3

HCC

Stabilizes Snail mRNA.

Promotes HCC metastasis.

[168]

METTL3

PC

Promotes ITGB1 mRNA stability.

Promotes bone metastasis of PC.

[169]

FTO

GC

Promotes ITGB1 expression.

Promotes GC metastasis.

[170]

ALKBH5

uveal melanoma

Promotes FOXM1 expression.

Promotes uveal melanoma metastasis by inducing EMT.

[171]

IGF2BP2

renal cancer

Stabilizes DUXAP9.

Promotes renal cancer cells proliferation and motility capacities in vitro and induces EMT.

[172]