Fig. 3From: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: an emerging target for anticancer immunotherapyThe mechanism of MDSCs expansion. The proliferation of MDSCs is mostly driven by GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, VEGF and IL-6. Additionally, several downstream factors are involved in regulating MDSCs expansion. Of particular interest is S100A9, STAT3, C/EBPβ and IRF8Back to article page