Table 4 Anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant potential of nutraceuticals against lung cancer
From: Lung cancer immunotherapy: progress, pitfalls, and promises
Target | Compound | Source | Bioactivity |
|---|---|---|---|
Lung Cancer | Curcumin | Curcuma longa | Converted Foxp3 + regulatory T cells to Th1 cells in patients with lung cancer |
Resveratrol | grapes, wine, peanuts | Enhanced binding of β-catenin/TCF to PD-L1 promoter and increased PD-L1 expression. A higher dose (> 40 μM) resulted in a progressive reduction of PD-L1 | |
Apigenin | Parsley | Suppressed the translocation of NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, which further inhibited target genes that block apoptosis | |
Phloretin | Apples | Exerted anti-inflammatory activities on A549 cancer cell lines by reducing intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression and suppressing monocyte adhesion through inhibition of MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB signaling pathways | |
Edible macro-fungi | beta-glucan | Significantly increased IFN-γ mRNA expression, increased M1 phenotype, and attenuated M2 phenotype of TAM | |
Saponin | P. polyphylla Smith var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara | Decreased serum levels of TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-10, decreased expressions of proinflammatory cytokines MCP-1, IL-6, and TGF-β1 | |
Capsaicin | Chili | Inhibited the upregulation of TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, and NF-κB expression | |
Luteolin | Broccoli, Apple skin | Inhibited monocyte recruitment and cancer cell migration via suppression of the TAM-secreted CCL2 | |
Gallic acid | Grape seeds, rose flowers, sumac, oak, and witch hazel | Suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB activation in A549 lung cancer cells, inhibited IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-1β & NF-κB regulated anti-apoptotic genes expression | |
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester | Propolis | Inhibited NF-kB, caffeic acid phenethyl ester significantly diminished the induction of inflammatory gene | |
Zerumbone | Zingiber officinalis | Inhibited lung carcinogenesis by modulating the expression of NF-κB and heme oxygenase-1 | |
Quercetin | Grapes, Berries | Suppressed the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and reduced levels of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6, significantly increasing the NK-cell-mediated cytotoxic activity against lung cancer cells | |
EPA, DHA, and Se | Fish oil and Selenium yeast | Synergistically decreased the population of splenic Tregs and MDSCs and thus augmented host anti-tumor immunity against lung carcinoma |