Fig. 1

Existing approaches for first-line MCL therapy. When choosing a patient's course of treatment, it's crucial to take into account factors like age, performance level, the degree of clinical manifestations, eligibility for stem cell transplantation, multimorbidity, cardiovascular diseases, prognosis risk status, and convenience to clinical trials. High-risk individuals are often those who have blastoid/pleomorphic MCL, TP53-mutated or aberrant TP53, or Ki-67% > 30%. Abbreviations: ASCT, autologous stem cell transplantation; HD-AraC, high-dose cytarabine; R, rituximab; R-CVP, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone; R-CHOP, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone; R-DHAP, Rituximab, dexamethasone, cytarabine, cisplatin; VR-CAP, bortezomib, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, prednisone; CNS, central nervous system