Advances in immunology and immunotherapy for mesenchymal gastrointestinal cancers

Li, Bo; Chen, Hui; Yang, Shaohua; Chen, Feng; Xu, Liangliang; Li, Yan; Li, Mingzhe; Zhu, Chengming; Shao, Fangyuan; Zhang, Xinhua; Deng, Chuxia; Zeng, Leli; He, Yulong; Zhang, Changhua

doi:10.1186/s12943-023-01770-6

Molecular Cancer

Table 2 GIST immunotherapy clinical trials registered on https://clinicaltrials.gov/

From: Advances in immunology and immunotherapy for mesenchymal gastrointestinal cancers

Year	Trial ID	Phase	Immunotherapy targets	Immunotherapy agents	Combined other agents	GIST patient inclusion criteria	Status	Ref
2003	NCT00069940	I	Telomerase	Peptide vaccine	Sargramostim	Stage III or IV	Completed	[200]
2006	NCT00324987	III	VEGF	Bevacizumab	Imatinib	Metastatic/unresectable	Terminated	[201]
2008	NCT00623831	I	NA	Bacterial vaccine	NA	Metastatic, failure of imatinib and sunitinib	Completed	[202]
2008	NCT00585221	II	IFNα	PegIFNα2b	Imatinib	Metastatic/recurrent GIST patients	Terminated	[203]
2011	NCT01316263	II	PDGFRA	Olaratumab	NA	Metastatic/unresectable, failure of imatinib/sunitinib	Terminated	[204]
2012	NCT01738139	I	CTLA-4	Ipilimumab	Imatinib	Metastatic/unresectable	Recruiting	[205]
2012	NCT01643278	I	CTLA-4	Ipilimumab	Dasatinib	Metastatic/unresectable, failure of imatinib/sunitinib	Completed	[206]
2015	NCT02452424	I/II	PD1	Pembrolizumab	PLX3397	Metastatic/recurrent, failure of standard treatment	Terminated	[207]
2015	NCT02406781	II	PD1	Pembrolizumab (MK3475)	Metronomic CP	Refractory to first line imatinib and second line sunitinib	Active, not recruiting	[208]
2015	NCT02636725	II	PD1	Pembrolizumab	Axitinib	Refractory to at least first-line targeted therapy	Active, not recruiting	[209]
2015	NCT02500797	II	CTLA-4PD1	Ipilimumab Nivolumab	NA	Locally advanced/unresectable or metastatic	Active, not recruiting	[210]
2016	NCT02686944	I	NA	Intuvax (ilixadencel)	NA	Metastatic/unresectable, progressed on second, third or fourth line TKI treatment	Completed	[211]
2016	NCT02880020	II	CTLA-4PD1	Ipilimumab Nivolumab	NA	Metastatic/unresectable, refractory to imatinib	Completed	[212]
2016	NCT02834013	II	CTLA-4PD1	Ipilimumab Nivolumab	NA	Progression on standard systemic therapy, no other approved/standard therapy available	Recruiting	[213]
2017	NCT03123432	-	NA	Immunomodulating nutrients	NA	Histologically proven GIST	Completed	[214]
2017	NCT03291054	II	PD1	Pembrolizumab	Epacadostat	Unresectable/metastatic, refractory to imatinib or at least one another TKIs	Completed	[215]
2018	NCT03475953	I/II	PD-L1	Avelumab	Regorafenib	Histologically confirmed by central review	Recruiting	[216]
2018	NCT03411915	I	SSTR2, CD3	Tidutamab (XmAb18087)	NA	Advanced/metastatic/unresectable, refractory to all FDA-approved therapies	Completed	[217]
2018	NCT03609424	I/II	PD1	Spartalizumab (PDR001)	Imatinib	Metastatic/unresectable	Recruiting	[218]
2019	NCT04000529	I	PD1	Spartalizumab	TNO155, Ribociclib	Advanced, progression on or intolerance to all standard-of-care therapy per local guidelines	Recruiting	[219]
2020	NCT04276415	I	GPR20	DS-6157a	NA	Metastatic/unresectable, refractory to imatinib	Completed	[220]
2020	NCT04258956	II	PD-L1	Avelumab	Axitinib	Metastatic/unresectable, failed to standard therapy	Recruiting	[221]
2021	NCT04714983	I	NA	DNX-2440	NA	Resectable multifocal liver metastases	Recruiting	[222]
2021	NCT05152472	II	PD-L1	Atezolizumab	Imatinib	Locally advanced or metastatic, failed to at least imatinib, sunitinib and then regorafenib	Recruiting	[223]

Notes and Abbreviations: “NA” Not Applicable, GIST Gastrointestinal stromal tumor, VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor, IFNα Interferon-alpha, PegIFNα2b Peginterferon α-2b, PDGFRA Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha, CTLA-4 Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4, PD1 Programmed cell death protein 1, CP Cyclophosphamide, TKIs Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, PD-L1 Programmed death-ligand 1, SSTR2 Somatostatin receptor 2, GPR20 G protein-coupled receptor 20

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