Fig. 1
From: Immunotherapy of thymic epithelial tumors: molecular understandings and clinical perspectives
Different forms of anticancer immunotherapy. A. ICIs, especially PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, are the main immunotherapies used in TET treatment and have accumulated the most evidence. B-E. Adoptive cell therapies, including CAR-T, TIL, TCR-T and NKC therapies, and different sources of therapeutic cells are obtained, modified or screened and expanded for infusion back into the patients. F. Therapeutic vaccines are designed based on discovered tumor neoantigens. The infused tumor vaccines induce an immune response to tumor cells and enhance antitumor immunity. G. Cytokines with immune activation functions, such as IL-2 and IFN-α/β, are recombined and synthesized in vitro and then infused into patients, which enhance the antitumor immune response. CAR: Chimeric antigen receptor; TIL: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte; TCR: T cell receptor; NKC: Natural killer cell