From: Exploring the promising potential of induced pluripotent stem cells in cancer research and therapy
Cancer Type | iPSC Line used | In vitro Model of Cancer Cells | Name of Drug | Comparison with traditional cancer cell lines | Mechanism | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breast cancer | BC1 iPSCs | Triple-negative breast cancer | Olaparib | Higher genetic diversity, greater resemblance to in vivo tumors | PARP inhibitor, induces DNA damage | |
Lung cancer | H1975 iPSCs | Non-small cell lung cancer | Erlotinib | More accurate representation of patient-specific tumors | EGFR inhibitor, blocks signal transduction | [117] |
Leukemia | CML-iPSCs | Chronic myeloid leukemia | Imatinib | Reflects heterogeneity of disease, allows for personalized therapy | BCR-ABL inhibitor, inhibits tyrosine kinase activity | |
Prostate cancer | PC-iPSCs | Androgen receptor-positive prostate cancer | Enzalutamide | More relevant for studying tumor evolution, allows for drug resistance testing | Androgen receptor inhibitor, blocks signaling pathway | [120] |
Melanoma | Mel-iPSCs | Metastatic melanoma | Ipilimumab | Offers insight into immunotherapy resistance, allows for drug screening | CTLA-4 antibody, enhances T cell response against tumor cells | [121] |
Pancreatic cancer | iPSCs derived from cancerous tissue | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | Gemcitabine | Provides more accurate drug sensitivity testing, facilitates drug discovery | Nucleoside analog, inhibits DNA replication | [122] |
Ovarian cancer | Ov-iPSCs | High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma | Carboplatin | Provides patient-specific drug response data | Platinum-based chemotherapy, DNA crosslinking | |
Brain cancer | GBM-iPSCs | Glioblastoma multiforme | Temozolomide | Captures intratumoral heterogeneity, enables personalized therapy | Alkylating agent, DNA damage inducer | |
Pancreatic cancer | PDAC-iPSCs | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | Nab-paclitaxel | Represents patient-specific responses to therapy | Microtubule inhibitor, disrupts mitosis | [127] |
Lymphoma | Lymp-iPSCs | Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma | Rituximab | Captures tumor heterogeneity and response to immunotherapy | CD20 antibody, targets B-cell lymphoma cells | [128] |
Gastric cancer | GC-iPSCs | Gastric adenocarcinoma | Trastuzumab | Enables personalized treatment based on HER2 expression | HER2 antibody, blocks HER2 signaling | [50] |
Bladder cancer | Blad-iPSCs | Urothelial carcinoma | Pembrolizumab | Allows for evaluation of immune checkpoint inhibitors | PD-1 antibody, enhances immune response | [51] |
Prostate cancer | PC-iPSCs | Androgen receptor-positive prostate cancer | Abiraterone | Represents patient-specific response to androgen deprivation therapy | Androgen synthesis inhibitor, blocks testosterone production | [52] |
Pancreatic cancer | PDAC-iPSCs | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | FOLFIRINOX | Reflects patient-specific chemotherapy response | Combination chemotherapy (5-FU, irinotecan, oxaliplatin) | [53] |
Brain cancer | GBM-iPSCs | Glioblastoma multiforme | Bevacizumab | Recapitulates anti-angiogenic therapy response | VEGF antibody, inhibits angiogenesis | [129] |
Colorectal cancer | iPSCs derived from cancerous tissue | Colorectal adenocarcinoma | Cetuximab | Represents patient-specific response to targeted therapy | EGFR antibody, inhibits EGFR signaling | [130] |
Lung cancer | NSCLC-iPSCs | Non-small cell lung cancer | Pembrolizumab | Enables assessment of immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy | PD-1 antibody, enhances immune response | [131] |
Leukemia | AML-iPSCs | Acute myeloid leukemia | Venetoclax | Represents patient-specific response to targeted therapy | BCL-2 inhibitor, promotes apoptosis | [132] |
Pancreatic cancer | PDAC-iPSCs | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | Panobinostat | Represents patient-specific response to histone deacetylase inhibitors | HDAC inhibitor, alters gene expression and induces apoptosis | [133] |
Breast cancer | BC-iPSCs | HER2-positive breast cancer | Trastuzumab emtansine | Reflects patient-specific response to antibody–drug conjugates | HER2-targeted antibody–drug conjugate, inhibits cell division | [134] |
Prostate cancer | PC-iPSCs | Castration-resistant prostate cancer | Docetaxel | Represents patient-specific response to chemotherapy | Microtubule inhibitor, disrupts cell division | [135] |
Liver cancer | Hep-iPSCs | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Lenvatinib | Better recapitulation of liver tumor angiogenesis | Multi-kinase inhibitor, inhibits VEGF signaling | [136] |
Lung cancer | NSCLC-iPSCs | EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer | Osimertinib | Represents patient-specific response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors | EGFR inhibitor, blocks mutant EGFR signaling | [137] |
Colorectal cancer | CRC-iPSCs | KRAS-mutated colorectal cancer | Cetuximab | Reflects patient-specific response to anti-EGFR therapy | EGFR antibody, inhibits EGFR signaling | |
Ovarian cancer | Ov-iPSCs | Epithelial ovarian cancer | Niraparib | Represents patient-specific response to PARP inhibitors | PARP inhibitor, disrupts DNA repair mechanisms | [139] |
Melanoma | Mel-iPSCs | BRAF-mutated melanoma | Vemurafenib | Represents patient-specific response to BRAF inhibitors | BRAF inhibitor, blocks mutant BRAF signaling | |
Breast cancer | BC-iPSCs | Luminal B breast cancer | Palbociclib | Enables investigation of CDK4/6 inhibitor response | CDK4/6 inhibitor, arrests cell cycle | [142] |
Prostate cancer | PC-iPSCs | Neuroendocrine prostate cancer | Cabazitaxel | Represents patient-specific response to taxane chemotherapy | Taxane chemotherapeutic, disrupts microtubule function | [143] |
Lung cancer | NSCLC-iPSCs | ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer | Alectinib | Reflects patient-specific response to ALK inhibitors | ALK inhibitor, blocks ALK signaling | |
Colorectal cancer | CRC-iPSCs | MSI-high colorectal cancer | Pembrolizumab | Enables evaluation of immune checkpoint blockade in MSI-high tumors | PD-1 antibody, enhances immune response | [146] |
Pancreatic cancer | PDAC-iPSCs | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | Napabucasin | Represents patient-specific response to cancer stem cell inhibitors | Cancer stem cell inhibitor, targets cancer stem cells | [147] |
Breast cancer | BC-iPSCs | HER2-negative breast cancer | Paclitaxel | Enables investigation of taxane chemotherapy response | Microtubule inhibitor, disrupts cell division | |
Prostate cancer | PC-iPSCs | Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer | Radium-223 | Reflects patient-specific response to targeted alpha therapy | Alpha particle emitter, targets bone metastases | [150] |
Lung cancer | NSCLC-iPSCs | ROS1-positive non-small cell lung cancer | Crizotinib | Represents patient-specific response to ROS1 inhibitors | ROS1 inhibitor, blocks ROS1 signaling | [151] |
Colorectal cancer | CRC-iPSCs | BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer | Encorafenib + Cetuximab | Reflects patient-specific response to combination therapy | BRAF inhibitor + EGFR antibody, dual pathway inhibition | |
Liver cancer | Hep-iPSCs | Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma | Debio 1347 | Represents patient-specific response to FGFR inhibitors | FGFR inhibitor, blocks FGFR signaling | [154] |
Breast cancer | BC-iPSCs | Triple-positive breast cancer | Trastuzumab + Pertuzumab | Reflects patient-specific response to HER2-targeted combination therapy | Dual HER2 inhibition, blocks HER2 signaling | [155] |
Prostate cancer | PC-iPSCs | Androgen receptor-negative prostate cancer | Cabozantinib | Enables investigation of MET inhibitor response | MET inhibitor, blocks MET signaling | [156] |
Lung cancer | NSCLC-iPSCs | KRAS-mutated non-small cell lung cancer | Binimetinib | Represents patient-specific response to MEK inhibitors | MEK inhibitor, blocks MEK signaling | [157] |
Colorectal cancer | CRC-iPSCs | Microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer | 5-Fluorouracil + Oxaliplatin | Reflects patient-specific response to combination chemotherapy | Combination chemotherapy, disrupts DNA replication and cell division | [158] |
Ovarian cancer | Ov-iPSCs | Endometrioid ovarian carcinoma | Carboplatin + Paclitaxel | Represents patient-specific response to standard chemotherapy | Combination chemotherapy, disrupts DNA replication and cell division | [159] |
Liver cancer | Hep-iPSCs | Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma | Atezolizumab + Bevacizumab | Enables evaluation of immune checkpoint blockade and anti-angiogenic therapy | PD-L1 antibody + VEGF antibody, enhances immune response and inhibits angiogenesis | |
Pancreatic cancer | PDAC-iPSCs | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | Gemcitabine + Abraxane | Represents patient-specific response to combination chemotherapy | Combination chemotherapy, disrupts DNA replication and cell division | [162] |
Breast cancer | BC-iPSCs | Triple-negative breast cancer | Pembrolizumab | Enables evaluation of immune checkpoint blockade | PD-1 antibody, enhances immune response | |
Colorectal cancer | CRC-iPSCs | APC-mutated colorectal cancer | Celecoxib | Represents patient-specific response to COX-2 inhibitors | COX-2 inhibitor, inhibits inflammation and cell proliferation | [165] |
Ovarian cancer | Ov-iPSCs | Serous ovarian carcinoma | Olaparib | Enables investigation of PARP inhibitor response | PARP inhibitor, disrupts DNA repair mechanisms | [166] |
Breast cancer | BC-iPSCs | Estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer | Fulvestrant | Enables investigation of estrogen receptor degradation | Selective estrogen receptor degrader, inhibits estrogen receptor signaling | [167] |
Prostate cancer | PC-iPSCs | TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-positive prostate cancer | Enzalutamide + Apalutamide | Represents patient-specific response to dual androgen receptor inhibitors | Dual androgen receptor inhibitors, block androgen signaling | [168] |
Lung cancer | NSCLC-iPSCs | ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer | Ceritinib | Reflects patient-specific response to ALK inhibitors | ALK inhibitor, blocks ALK signaling | [169] |
Colorectal cancer | CRC-iPSCs | CEA-positive colorectal cancer | Regorafenib | Represents patient-specific response to multi-kinase inhibitors | Multi-kinase inhibitor, inhibits angiogenesis and cell proliferation | |
Ovarian cancer | Ov-iPSCs | High-grade serous ovarian cancer | Topotecan | Enables investigation of topoisomerase I inhibitor response | Topoisomerase I inhibitor, disrupts DNA replication | [173] |
Liver cancer | Hep-iPSCs | Hepatocellular carcinoma with TP53 mutation | Sorafenib + Vorinostat | Represents patient-specific response to combination targeted therapy | Multi-kinase inhibitor + HDAC inhibitor, inhibits angiogenesis and alters gene expression | [174] |
Pancreatic cancer | PDAC-iPSCs | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | Ibrutinib | Represents patient-specific response to targeted therapy | Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, inhibits B-cell signaling | [175] |
Breast cancer | BC-iPSCs | Basal-like breast cancer | Talazoparib | Enables investigation of PARP inhibitor response | PARP inhibitor, disrupts DNA repair mechanisms | |
Prostate cancer | PC-iPSCs | AR-V7-positive castration-resistant prostate cancer | Darolutamide | Represents patient-specific response to androgen receptor antagonists | Androgen receptor antagonist, inhibits androgen receptor signaling | |
Lung cancer | NSCLC-iPSCs | MET-amplified non-small cell lung cancer | Capmatinib | Reflects patient-specific response to MET inhibitors | MET inhibitor, blocks MET signaling | [179] |
Colorectal cancer | CRC-iPSCs | BRAFV600E-mutated colorectal cancer | Encorafenib + Binimetinib | Represents patient-specific response to targeted combination therapy | BRAF inhibitor + MEK inhibitor, dual pathway inhibition | [180] |
Ovarian cancer | Ov-iPSCs | Low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma | MEK162 | Enables investigation of MEK inhibitor response | MEK inhibitor, blocks MEK signaling | [181] |
Liver cancer | Hep-iPSCs | Hepatocellular carcinoma with AFP overexpression | Ramucirumab | Represents patient-specific response to anti-angiogenic therapy | VEGFR2 antibody, inhibits angiogenesis | [179] |
Pancreatic cancer | PDAC-iPSCs | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | PEGPH20 | Enables investigation of hyaluronan-targeted therapy | Hyaluronidase, degrades hyaluronan in the tumor microenvironment | [182] |
Prostate cancer | PC-iPSCs | PTEN-deficient prostate cancer | BKM120 | Enables investigation of PI3K inhibitor response | PI3K inhibitor, blocks PI3K signaling | [175] |
Lung cancer | NSCLC-iPSCs | RET-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer | Selpercatinib | Reflects patient-specific response to RET inhibitors | RET inhibitor, blocks RET signaling | [183] |
Colorectal cancer | CRC-iPSCs | KRAS wild-type colorectal cancer | Panitumumab | Represents patient-specific response to EGFR inhibitors | EGFR antibody, blocks EGFR signaling | |
Liver cancer | Hep-iPSCs | Hepatocellular carcinoma with TP53 mutation | Tivantinib | Represents patient-specific response to MET inhibitors | MET inhibitor, blocks MET signaling | [179] |
Pancreatic cancer | PDAC-iPSCs | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | Olaratumab | Enables investigation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) inhibition | PDGFR antibody, inhibits PDGFR signaling | [184] |
Breast cancer | BC-iPSCs | HER2-positive breast cancer | Lapatinib | Represents patient-specific response to HER2-targeted therapy | Dual HER2 and EGFR inhibitor, blocks HER2 and EGFR signaling | [185] |
Prostate cancer | PC-iPSCs | PTEN-deleted prostate cancer | Abiraterone acetate | Enables investigation of androgen synthesis inhibitor response | Androgen synthesis inhibitor, inhibits androgen production | [186] |
Lung cancer | NSCLC-iPSCs | EGFR T790M-positive non-small cell lung cancer | Osimertinib | Reflects patient-specific response to EGFR T790M inhibitors | EGFR T790M inhibitor, blocks EGFR T790M signaling | [187] |
Colorectal cancer | CRC-iPSCs | MSI-high colorectal cancer | Pembrolizumab | Enables evaluation of immune checkpoint blockade | PD-1 antibody, enhances immune response | [146] |
Liver cancer | Hep-iPSCs | Cholangiocarcinoma | Erdafitinib | Enables investigation of FGFR inhibitor response | FGFR inhibitor, blocks FGFR signaling | [188] |
Pancreatic cancer | PDAC-iPSCs | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | Rucaparib | Enables investigation of PARP inhibitor response | PARP inhibitor, disrupts DNA repair mechanisms | [189] |
Breast cancer | BC-iPSCs | Hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer | Palbociclib | Represents patient-specific response to CDK4/6 inhibitors | CDK4/6 inhibitor, inhibits cell cycle progression | [190] |
Prostate cancer | PC-iPSCs | AR-V7-positive castration-resistant prostate cancer | Apalutamide | Represents patient-specific response to androgen receptor inhibitors | Androgen receptor inhibitor, blocks androgen receptor signaling | [191] |
Lung cancer | NSCLC-iPSCs | ROS1-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer | Entrectinib | Reflects patient-specific response to ROS1 inhibitors | ROS1 inhibitor, blocks ROS1 signaling | [192] |
Colorectal cancer | CRC-iPSCs | BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer | Encorafenib + Cetuximab | Represents patient-specific response to targeted combination therapy | BRAF inhibitor + EGFR antibody, dual pathway inhibition | [152] |
Ovarian cancer | Ov-iPSCs | High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma | Bevacizumab | Enables investigation of anti-angiogenic therapy | VEGF antibody, inhibits angiogenesis | [193] |
Liver cancer | Hep-iPSCs | Hepatocellular carcinoma with TP53 mutation | Lenvatinib + Pembrolizumab | Represents patient-specific response to combination targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockade | Multi-kinase inhibitor + PD-1 antibody, dual pathway inhibition and enhances immune response | [194] |
Prostate cancer | PC-iPSCs | Androgen-sensitive prostate cancer | Bicalutamide | Represents patient-specific response to androgen receptor antagonists | Androgen receptor antagonist, inhibits androgen receptor signaling | [143] |
Colorectal cancer | CRC-iPSCs | Microsatellite stable colorectal cancer | Irinotecan | Represents patient-specific response to chemotherapy | Topoisomerase I inhibitor, disrupts DNA replication | [195] |
Ovarian cancer | Ov-iPSCs | Mucinous ovarian carcinoma | Paclitaxel | Enables investigation of microtubule-targeting chemotherapy | Microtubule stabilizer, inhibits cell division | [149] |
Liver cancer | Hep-iPSCs | Hepatocellular carcinoma with HBV infection | Entecavir | Represents patient-specific response to antiviral therapy | Nucleoside analog, inhibits viral replication | [196] |
Pancreatic cancer | PDAC-iPSCs | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | Nivolumab | Enables evaluation of immune checkpoint blockade | PD-1 antibody, enhances immune response | [197] |
Liver cancer | Hep-iPSCs | Hepatocellular carcinoma with MET amplification | Crizotinib | Represents patient-specific response to MET inhibitors | MET inhibitor, blocks MET signaling | [198] |
Pancreatic cancer | PDAC-iPSCs | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | Onivyde | Enables investigation of liposomal chemotherapy | Liposomal formulation of irinotecan, improves drug delivery | [197] |
Breast cancer | BC-iPSCs | HER2-positive breast cancer | Trastuzumab | Represents patient-specific response to HER2-targeted therapy | HER2 antibody, blocks HER2 signaling | [199] |
Lung cancer | NSCLC-iPSCs | EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer | Afatinib | Reflects patient-specific response to EGFR inhibitors | EGFR inhibitor, blocks EGFR signaling | [200] |
Colorectal cancer | CRC-iPSCs | BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer | Vemurafenib | Represents patient-specific response to BRAF inhibitors | BRAF inhibitor, blocks BRAF signaling | [180] |
Ovarian cancer | Ov-iPSCs | Serous ovarian carcinoma | Cisplatin | Enables investigation of platinum-based chemotherapy | Platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent, induces DNA damage | [201] |
Pancreatic cancer | PDAC-iPSCs | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | Pemetrexed | Represents patient-specific response to chemotherapy | Antifolate chemotherapy agent, inhibits DNA synthesis | [202] |
Lung cancer | NSCLC-iPSCs | KRAS-mutated non-small cell lung cancer | Tipifarnib | Represents patient-specific response to KRAS inhibitors | KRAS inhibitor, blocks KRAS signaling | |
Colorectal cancer | CRC-iPSCs | MSI-high colorectal cancer | Nivolumab + Ipilimumab | Enables investigation of immune checkpoint blockade combination therapy | PD-1 antibody + CTLA-4 antibody, enhances immune response | [180] |
Liver cancer | Hep-iPSCs | Hepatocellular carcinoma with FGFR fusion | Infigratinib | Represents patient-specific response to FGFR inhibitors | FGFR inhibitor, blocks FGFR signaling | |
Pancreatic cancer | PDAC-iPSCs | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | Olaparib | Enables investigation of PARP inhibitor response | PARP inhibitor, disrupts DNA repair mechanisms | [206] |
Breast cancer | BC-iPSCs | Luminal A breast cancer | Anastrozole | Represents patient-specific response to aromatase inhibitors | Aromatase inhibitor, blocks estrogen production | [129] |
Prostate cancer | PC-iPSCs | TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-positive prostate cancer | Enzalutamide | Represents patient-specific response to androgen receptor inhibitors | Androgen receptor inhibitor, inhibits androgen receptor signaling | [207] |
Lung cancer | NSCLC-iPSCs | MET exon 14 skipping non-small cell lung cancer | Capmatinib | Represents patient-specific response to MET inhibitors | MET inhibitor, blocks MET signaling | [200] |
Ovarian cancer | Ov-iPSCs | Clear cell ovarian carcinoma | Temsirolimus | Enables investigation of mTOR inhibitor response | mTOR inhibitor, inhibits mTOR signaling | [208] |
Pancreatic cancer | PDAC-iPSCs | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | Trametinib | Represents patient-specific response to MEK inhibitors | MEK inhibitor, inhibits MAPK signaling pathway | [209] |
Breast cancer | BC-iPSCs | HER2-positive breast cancer | Lapatinib | Represents patient-specific response to dual HER2/EGFR inhibitors | Dual HER2/EGFR inhibitor, blocks HER2 and EGFR signaling | [210] |
Prostate cancer | PC-iPSCs | Neuroendocrine prostate cancer | Cabazitaxel | Enables investigation of chemotherapy for neuroendocrine tumors | Microtubule-targeting chemotherapy agent, inhibits cell division | [211] |
Colorectal cancer | CRC-iPSCs | Cetuximab-resistant colorectal cancer | Panitumumab | Represents patient-specific response to EGFR inhibitors | EGFR antibody, blocks EGFR signaling | [212] |
Liver cancer | Hep-iPSCs | Hepatocellular carcinoma with TP53 mutation | Pembrolizumab | Enables evaluation of immune checkpoint blockade | PD-1 antibody, enhances immune response | [213] |