Fig. 5

Different strategies for editing cells using CRISPR technology in patients. On the left, ex vivo applications involve first isolating cells, then expanding and editing them before transplanting them back. On the right, in vivo editing occurs by administering CRISPR-Cas9 (or dCas9, not shown) locally or systemically using viral packaging or nanoparticles. The figure also highlights specific clinical trials. Abbreviations used include CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats), dCas9 (dead Cas9), and HPV (human papillomavirus). Reprinted from [14] with permission from Cell Press