Fig. 3
From: tRNA-derived small RNAs in human cancers: roles, mechanisms, and clinical application
Regulatory mechanism and biological function of tsRNAs. A Epigenetic regulation. AS-tDR-007333 can interact with HSPB1-MED29 and ELK4-MED29 for the epigenetic regulation of target genes. B Transcriptional and post transcriptional horizontal regulation. Dicer dependent 3′-tRF inhibits the expression of related genes by binding to the AGO2 protein and introns of newly generated RNA in the nucleus; tRF5-GluCTC can interact with AGO protein to induce the formation of RISC, thereby inducing the post transcriptional gene silencing. C Translation regulation. Assembly of 5′-tiRNA into R4G displaces translation initiation complex eIF4A/G/E for translation inhibition; 5’mTOGΨ8 can also form an R4G structure, replacing PABPC1 from the translation initiation complex of mRNA and inhibiting mRNA translation