Fig. 4

Exosomal LAP-TGF-β1 reshapes the pulmonary vascular environment. (A) After 24 h of treatment with PKH67-labeled exosomes, LuECs were stained with Phalloidin and DAPI. Scale bars: 20 μm. (B-D) 24-hour treatment of LuEC monolayers with PBS or exosomes or TGF-β1. (B) IF detection of ZO-1. Scale bars: 20 μm. (C) Permeability assessment using 20 mg/mL rhodamine-dextran on treated LuEC monolayers on transwell filters (n = 3). (D) Tube formation assay (n = 5). Scale bars: 200 μm. (E) Biodistribution of PKH67-labeled exosomes in mouse lungs (n = 5). Arrows indicate exosome. Scale bars: 200 μm. (F) In vivo vascular permeability visualized via rhodamine-dextran (n = 5). Scale bars: 100 μm. (G) Double-label IF of CD31 and ZO-1 in mouse lungs post-exosome treatment. Scale bars: 100 μm. Data shown as mean ± SD